ubuntu 新用户的10个技巧

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:32 am. 0 comments

原文来自 Ten tips for new Ubuntu users，大致内容如下：

1. 由于版权原因，ubuntu不支持大部分多媒体文件格式，清参考 https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats安装需要的软件包。

2. 改变首选应用程序。在菜单 系统 － 首选项 － 首选应用程序中可以修改默认的关联程序。更多修改可使用命令行

sudo update-alternatives –config editor

修改 editor － 默认的文本编辑器。

3. 除了 apt-get install xxx 外，sudo dpkg -i xxxx.deb 来安装 .deb 文件。

4. sudo 获得root权限，运行程序。gksudo 以root 权限运行图形化界面的软件。

sudo -s
或者
sudo su

以root身份登录

如果非常需要 root ，root 登录后 passwd 修改 root 密码。推荐使用 pwgen 来生成安全的密码。

注：sudo passwd root 设定 root 的密码。禁用 root 帐号，则执行命令：sudo passwd -l root

5. 添加用户到 sudo 权限组。

sudo usermod -G admin XXXXXXX

如果XXXXXXX已经是其它组的成员，使用 append 参数

sudo usermod -a -G admin XXXXXXX

也可以在 系统管理 － 用户和组中设置。

6. 安装其它桌面环境

apt-get install kubuntu-desktop (or edubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop)

分别是 KDE,edubuntu,xfce（guoshuang+以前的 KDE 和 gnome 有冲突，不知道现在怎样）

7. 重新配置 xorg。

dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

guoshuang+其实用 envy 脚本或者 nvidia 官方 linux 驱动即可。偶尔 vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf

8. 自动登录。在 系统 － 系统管理 － 登录窗口中可设置自动登录。

9. 编译软件。至少需要 sudo apt-get install build-essential

./configure
make
make install

10. 内核。

Popularity: 12% [?]

非常不错的 linux 技巧（推荐）

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:32 am. 0 comments

原文来自 Hot tips to get the best of Linux in 2008，很有趣也比较复杂（对我来说），所以看了几天才转过来：

1. Avoid out of the session or close the terminal with the command Ctrl+D

Ctr+D 退出终端

* set -o ignoreeof Enable Ctrl+D
* set +o ignoreeof Disable Ctrl+D

2. The Alias — We introduce a command with an alias, and the shell will recode it with its value. For example, whether we define an alias this way: alias buscar=”find. -name”, when we input commands in the line buscar name_file the shell will execute find. -name name_file and will seek the file we ask starting in the current path.
Alias name_of_the_alias=”command_which_will_execute_the_alias”.

使用 alias 别名。比如终端输入

alias ls

显示

alias ls=’ls –color=auto’

这就是说我们默认的 ls 就被加入了颜色参数。

再比如终端输入

alias buscar=”find. -name”

然后

buscar XXX

这个命令就等于

find . -name XXX

To disable an alias use the command unalias:unalias name_of_de_alias. If you want to see the alias defined in the system just write: alias.

去掉别名用

unalias buscar

3. Most recently used commands — Execute the following instruction in the console:

history|awk ‘{print $2}’|awk ‘BEGIN {FS=”|”} {print $1}’|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -10

方向键控制命令的历史记录貌似默认就有啊？不理解。

The history command shows a list of all recently executed commands. You can use the arrow keys to navigate the next and previous commands.

Tux4. Kill all the process in a determined application — This command will be very useful when you are running programs which tend to drag on the system resources. Open terminal and type: ps aux c. It will show you a complete list of running processes.?The first column contain the user owner of the process, the second one is the PID of the process and if we jump to the last column we will see the name of the application which belong to each processes. If the application you want to kill is, for example, Firefox, then it would be: ps aux c | grep firefox and then write kill -9. The next time you do a ps aux c | grep firefox, this program shouldn’t appear anymore.

显示和杀死进程

ps aux c

寻找 firefox 相关进程

ps aux c|grep firefox

杀死 pid XXX 的进程

kill -9 XXX

5. Get the basic system information — There are some commands you can use to determine basic information of your machine such as kernel version, hardware information and others. The following command lines shows what they’ll return when executed;

查看系统基本信息

$ cat /proc/version = “It returns a full string of information”
$ uname -m = “The result of the machine’s number”
$ uname -r = “Show the version of the kernel”
$ uname -n = “Returns the local domain name”
$ uname -s = “Will show the system name”
$ uname -p = “It tells you the type and name of the processor”
$ uname -a = “Will show all the information above and also the date and time of the system”

cat /proc/version 返回系统信息
uname -m 返回 “i686″等信息
uname -r 内核版本
uname -n 主机名
uname -s 系统名称，比如”linux”
uname -p 处理器类型和名称（我这里显示 “unknown”）
uname -a 所有 uname 信息

你还可以参考这篇日志：如何查看 ubuntu 版本信息

6. Use the Calendar — With the following commands you can have different views and displays of the Calendar in the different versions of Linux.

日历

cal -3 = “Simply display the calendar”
cal 1 2008 = “This command display a calendar of a particular month of the year”
date -d fri = “Display the date of the next on the current or next week”
date –date=’25 Dec’ +%A = “Tell you which day will be Christmas this year”

7. Disk Space — Having sufficient and optimized disc space is something vital for good performance of your system. In the case of Linux, here are the different ways to optimize your storage space and display information of your hard disc.

显示磁盘空间

df -h = “This command display the free disc space”
fdisk -l = “Very similar to Windows environment show you the partitions of the disc”
ls -lSr = “Display the all the files and the biggest last”
du -s * | sort -k1,1rn | head = “Show top disc users in the current directory”

df -h 显示剩余空间
sudo fdisk -l 显示磁盘分区、空间等
ls -lSr 显示文件列表，从打到小
du -s * | sort -k1,1rn | head 这句 Show top disc users in the current directory，我不敢翻译。

8. Set Operations — In Linux you can make operations with files quickly. Test the following commands which help you a lot to manipulate files.

文件操作

学习中…

LANG=C sort file1 file2 | uniq” = “Make the union of unsorted files”
LANG=C sort file1 file2 | uniq -d = “Intercept unsorted files”
LANG=C comm file1 file2 | sed ’s/^\t*//’ = “Union of sorted files”
LANG=C comm -3 file1 file2 | sed ’s/^\t*// = “Symmetric difference of sorted files”

9. Text Manipulation — Manipulation of text is another very important aspect of the work. Let’s see some of this in Linux.

sed 文本操作

学习中…

sed -n ’s/.*<\/title>.*/\1/ip;T;q’ = “Extract title from an HTML page”
sed -n ‘10,20p;20q’ = “Print lines from 10 to 20″
sed ‘:a; /\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta’ = “Concatenate lines between \”
sed ’s/[ \t]*$//’ = “Remove trailing spaces from lines”
sed ’s/string1/string2/g’ = “Replace string1 with string2″

10. Searching of Files — Faster method to search for almost anything under a Linux platform.

查找文件的一些命令

alias l=’ls -l –color=auto’page” = “Make a quick listing of directories”
ls -lrt = “List files by date”
find -name ‘*.[ch]‘ | xargs grep -E ‘expr’ “Search ‘expr’ in the current directory and below”
find -type f ! -perm -444 = “Find files not readable by all”
locate -r ‘file[^/]*\.txt’ = “Search cached index for names”

11. Frozen Windows — Sometimes you can have a frozen window, and there are two fast ways to solve this problem without turning off your computer or restarting it. First, you can try the traditional key combination of Ctrl + Alt + Backspace.

The other way is a little more complicated than the previous one but is more efficient. Hit Ctrl + Alt + F2 to jump to the virtual console. Then log in with your user name, password and type the following:
ps -ax | grep startx

This executed command will provide you the PID of your Xserver. Then kill it with the next command
kill -9 PID_Number

If you want return to your first console, just press Alt + F1.

如果 X windows 锁死（无响应），处理办法有二

1.ctrl+alt+backspace 杀死当前 x win
2.ctrl+alt+f1 进入虚拟终端，ps -ax|grep startx，然后杀死这个进程。

注意：ubuntu 中可能是 gdm。我的办法是

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start

12. Remote Execution — With the service “rexec” you can have remote execution, very useful when you are working on a network environment. The user using this service must authenticate with a user name and password.

这个没听说过，学习中…

Popularity: 25% [?]

wiki.ubuntu.org.cn 的好东西不少啊

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:32 am. 0 comments

可以从 wiki.ubuntu.org.cn 所有文章 开始浏览。

可惜我现在没有公网上的 mediawiki，不然可以导入备份一个。有趣的条目如下：

LiveCD

自生系统是事先布署在某种可移动存储介质上的，可用于启动一台硬件不特定的某种CPU架构计算机的操作系统（通常亦包括一些其他软件），不需安装至计算机的本地外部存储器 - 硬盘。采用的介质包括CD-ROM (Live CD)，DVD (Live DVD)，闪存盘(Live USB)甚至是软盘等。退出自生系统并重新开机后，计算机就可以恢复到原本的操作系统。自生系统是透过把原本放在硬盘里的档案放到内存的虚拟磁盘中来运作,因此系统内存愈大则执行速度愈快。

原来 windows 下也有 LiveCD

* BartPE (Windows 2000/XP/2003)
* 911 Rescue CD [2] (Windows NT/2000/XP/2003)
* Ultimate Boot CD for Windows (Windows XP) - BartPE的功能延展
* MiniPE-XT

LAMP服务器的配置

ubuntu+apache2+php+mysql 的配置资料

Opera安装设置指南

Qt

Qt工具包是一个跨平台的图形界面开发工具。Qt 被主要用在了 KDE 桌面环境的开发中。是挪威 Trolltech 公司的产品。使用 Qt 开发的软件，可以在不同的平台下进行编译，便可以达到这个平台的本地图形界面的风格。比如在 Qt 库里的按钮 QButton，在 Microsoft Windows 下编译就会和其他的Windows程序的按钮外观相同。而在苹果公司 的 Mac OS上编译後，这个按钮的外观就和其他苹果 Mac OS 平台上的程序的按钮外观相同。

使 Qt 和其他工具包不同的是，尽管它是一个公司的商业产品，但是它也提供自由软件的用户协议，并且开放源代码。使得它可以被广泛地应用在各平台上的开放源代码软件开发中。

使用 Qt 开发的软件除了着名的的桌面环境 KDE 外，还有 Google Earth。

ubuntu 小技巧

如何隐藏最近的文档
在面板上把Gnome的logo脚丫子换成Ubutnu的logo
密钥环 -管理ssh密钥
启动时检测和修复文件系统错误
一些Gnome和Nautilus的小决窍

用鼠标中键拖拽一个文件松开时会显示一个菜单,你可以选择”移动到此处” “复制到此处” “在此处创建链结”和”取消”,这和在windows下用鼠标右键拖拽差不多 * Alt-left drag in any window will let you move that window, without having to hunt for the title bar. Just click anywhere in a window while the Alt key is pressed, and you can move the window.

* 在任何窗口按住Alt键的同时用鼠标左键拖拽会移动那个窗口,而不必寻找标题栏.只要按住Alt键同时在窗口内任何地方拖拽,就可以移动那个窗口
* Alt-middle drag allows you to resize a window without having to hunt for the edges of the window. Neat.
* Alt+鼠标中键拖拽可以改变窗口大小,不需要再寻找窗口的边缘.省时而高效.
* Alt-right click anywhere in the window will bring up the window menu (the one that is usually located by pressing on the top left corner of the title bar).
* 按住Alt同时点击鼠标右键会弹出窗口菜单.其实按Alt+空格也可以(我加的,原文没有)
* Double-clicking on the title bar will expand a window to full-screen.
* 双击菜单栏可以使一个窗口最大化
o This behaviour can be modified in System menu –> Preferences –> Windows. Look for the “Titlebar Action” section - the “roll up when double-clicked” version can be very useful to manage the palettes and toolbars of applications like the GIMP, Inkscape or Scribus
* 这个行为可以在 系统–>首选项–>窗口 定制,另一种行为”卷起”在管理一些像GIMP,Inkspace或Scribus这类应用程序的调色板和工具栏时非常有用
* To add an item to your Places menu, as well as to the Nautilus Places sidebar in Nautilus, navigate to that location in Nautilus, and choose Bookmarks>Add Bookmark.
* 如果想向”位置”菜单和Nautilus的侧边栏里加入新的位置,只要在Nautilus里导航到那个位置,然後选择 书签->添加书签

如何使用 “sudo” 时不需要任何密码提示 (没有安全性)?

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo

搜寻这一行文字

…
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
…

用下面这一行取代

system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

保存编辑过的文件

squid 设置

代理服务

ubuntu 常见问题

截图时怎么截到mplayer、totem视频？

对于mplayer，

在它的“首选项 –> 视频” 下选择x11 （或在mplayer的配置文件 /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf 中修改：“vo=x11”），播放，截图。完成你的截图後， 你可以把“视频”设置回xv 对于totem，
1. 如果你使用gstreamer（没安装totem-xine），在终端运行gstreamer-properties 来到“视频”页，把“输出”改成XWindows (no Xv) 重启你的totem，播放，截图。完成你的截图後，你可以把gstreamer的设置设回XWindows (X11/XShm/Xv)
2. 如果你使用totem-xine，编辑~/.gnome2/totem_config，添加： video.driver:Xshm 如果之前你设置过video.driver的，自己对照修改。然後重启totem，播放，截图。完成後，可把video.driver:Xshm注释掉或删除。

与win2003的服务器进行连接？

当我使用“windows网络”方式浏览我的私有局域网络时我不能看见网络里的所有计算机，只能连接到使用XP系统的计算机。当我试图去连接 win2003服务器时，提示权限不够的错误。然後，我试着用“连接到服务器”的办法，填写联机信息和我的密码，但是它还是不停的要我再次输入密码。我也试过在windows服务器上添加一个用户帐号给我的Unbuntu机器以便它来访问，但是结果还是不能连接。 通过在服务器名处填一个“服务器名”和在用户名处填一个“用户名”来创建帐号是不行的。你需要以“服务器名/用户名”的格式填写服务器名而相应的把用户名处留空。我们觉得这很不符和常理(counter-intuitive)，但是这样网络就能够正常工作了，我们会试着去改善这些看上去不太合理的用户设置界面。

在我安装好後root的密码是什么？

在我安装好後root的密码是什么？我怎样使用root帐号？当你第一次安装好Ubuntu後，root帐号不能用。在安装期间创建的第一个用户对系统有管理权，通过“sudo”能象root运行程序.使用时仅需它的普通用户密码。例如: sudo apt-get update 如果你希望像传统 UNIX 样式使用root帐号。你能通过输入 sudo passwd root 。那将使你在控制台上通过 su 或登录成为root. 如果你需要一个有root权限的shell，运行 sudo -s 。 所有用户的“sudo”将需要用户密码。 如果创建新帐号，希望可以使用”sudo”命令，将该帐号添加到 admin 组即可。如果希望使用”sudo”命令时，不需要输入用户密码，将该帐号添加到 sudo 组即可。

Popularity: 21% [?]

Gnome 中的鼠标拖拽操作技巧

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

原文来自 Lesser known Drag and Drop tips in Gnome

浏览器地址栏拖到桌面即可建立一个链接。

浏览器中选择文字拖到桌面皆可产生一个该内容的文本文件。（opera9不行）

浏览器中拖拽一个图片到桌面，皆可保存下来。注意：图片如果有链接的话，拖出来的是一个链接。

Popularity: 8% [?]

ubuntu 资料

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

Ubuntu Desktop Guide
Ubuntu技巧
https://help.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/desktop-tips.html

Popularity: 8% [?]

ubuntu 桌面技巧学习笔记

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

完整内容在 https://help.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/desktop-tips.html

笔记如下：

Alt-F2 运行程序

Open files with administrative privileges from the file manager

Open a new file to edit in the relevant directory:
gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ Administrator

Insert the following lines into the new file:

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo “gnome-open $uri” &
done

Save the edited file (an example)

Make the edited file executable:
chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ Administrator

Hide Recent Documents in the Places menu

To hide Recent Documents from the Places menu, open a terminal and run the command:
chmod 400 ~/.recently-used

To enable it again, run the command:
chmod 600 ~/.recently-used

重启Gnome

Ctrl-Alt-Backspace

或者

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

Preventing the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace shortcut keys from restarting X

Make a backup copy of your existing /etc/X11/xorg.conf file:
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup

Open /etc/X11/xorg.conf for editing:
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Add the following lines to the end of the file:

Section “ServerFlags”
Option “DontZap” “yes”
EndSection

Save the edited file (an example).

The change will take effect the next time you log in to GNOME.

Popularity: 6% [?]

ubuntu 技巧

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

原文来自Prepping Ubuntu for Everyday Use

部分摘翻如下：

Installation won’t work on my computer!
安装有问题？

These tips are useless if you can’t even install Ubuntu. This release of Ubuntu comes with a fancy but brilliant new graphical installer that makes life easier for everyone. This seems to work fine for most people but there are almost certainly going to be incompatibilities for a minority. If you find it just won’t work, switch back to the old text-mode installer. To do this, you’ll have to download a different ISO image and burn it to CD-ROM. Visit http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/ and download the Alternate Install CD. Then boot from it and install.
Dapper LTS是图形化安装界面，如果有问题，你可以下载 Alternate Install 光盘，那个是文字模式。

Setting up multiverse and universe repositories
打开 multiverse 和 universe源

Ubuntu has two fantastic software repositories available to it by default—Main (aka Officially Supported) and Restricted (aka Restricted Copyright). The former contains software that’s licensed under the GPL (or a compatible) license. The latter contains a small selection of software under prohibitive (usually proprietary) licenses that some Ubuntu users need. Examples include some wifi drivers.
There are two more “official” repositories, however—Universe (aka Community Maintained) and Multiverse (aka non-free). The former contains a ton of software from the Debian archives and the latter is yet more software that’s available under licenses not 100% compatible with the GPL (although that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s proprietary).
Universe and Multiverse aren’t setup by default, and it’s a good idea for you to add them because it gives you the broadest choice of software.
Open Synaptic Package Manager (System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager) and then click Settings -> Repositories within Synaptic. Look for the heading that reads Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Binary); it should be the first in the list. Select it and click Edit. Then ensure there’s a check in the Community Maintained and Non-Free boxes. Click OK, then Close, and then click the Reload button the main Synaptic program window. You should now have access to the extra repositories.
可以获得更多非免费或者有专利软件的下载

多媒体回放需要下面几个解码器

w32codecs
mplayer
mozilla-mplayer
libdvdcss2

当然，前提是源里有，要么自己单独下载。

安装Nvidia 显卡驱动

Open Synaptic and search for and install nvidia-glx. When installation has finished, open a shell window and type sudo nvidia-xconfig. Then reboot.
Test your new 3D configuration, after reboot, by selecting one of the OpenGL screensavers (System -> Preferences -> Screensavers). AntSpotlight is pretty cool. If it runs smoothly then everything has worked.

从新立得安装 nvidia-glx，打开一个终端， sudo nvidia-xconfig，配置并重启。用系统-首选项-屏幕保护中的 AntSpotlight(openGL)来测试。如果动画流畅，证明显卡驱动OK。

Setup a Windows partition for permanent access
设置windows分区可访问

My Windows XP partition wasn’t automatically made available under Ubuntu. The solution was the following: type sudo mkdir /windows at the command prompt. Type sudo fdisk -l and look for the line that ends HPFS/NTFS, and then look at the beginning of the line and write down what’s there (ie /dev/hda1). Then load the following file in a text editor using sudo: /etc/fstab. Add a new line at the end of the file that reads:

/dev/hda1 /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

Replace the /dev/hda1 part with what you wrote down earlier. Save the file and then type sudo mount /windows to make your Windows partition available immediately (browse to /windows to see the contents). You’ll find it available all the time, even after you reboot. Remember: the Windows NTFS partition is read only. You can’t write files there.
sudo mkdir /windows
新建一个windows目录

sudo fdisk -l
查找以 HTFS/NTFS 结尾的行，察看前面的 /dev/hdan
a 第几块硬盘
n 第几个分区

sudo gedit /etc/fstab
编辑 fstab 文件，修改为类似下面的形式

/dev/hdan /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

sudo mount /windows
手工挂接

Add Windows fonts
加入Windows字体

My notebook dual-boots between Linux and Windows and I like to add all my Windows fonts to my Ubuntu setup, so that certain web pages look like they should and also so Word docs from colleagues read OK.
To install the fonts, follow the step above to make your Windows partition available if it isn’t already. Type the following at the command prompt to open the Windows font directory in Nautilus: nautilus /windows/WINDOWS/Fonts/ (this assumes that your Windows partition is mounted in /windows, as described in the tip above). Click View -> View As List, and then click the Type heading so that the files are arranged via file extension. Scroll down to the TTF files and select all of them (click the first, hold down Shift and then click the last). Then right-click one of the selected files and click Copy, so that they’re copied ready for pasting somewhere else. Click Go -> Location and, in the box, type fonts://. In the new file listing that appears, right-click a blank spot and select Paste. Your Windows fonts should now be available to all Ubuntu applications, including OpenOffice.org.
嗯！不错！这样也可以….

Use one, rather than two, desktop panels
使用一个而不是两个（上下）面板（我一直就是这么做地…）

For some reason Ubuntu likes you to have two screen-hogging panels—one at the top of the screen, and one at the bottom. Some people like this, some hate it.
To quickly combine them into one panel at the bottom (that’s “quickly” as in “quick and dirty”), right-click a blank spot on the top panel and select Add To Panel. In the dialog box that appears, look under the Desktop & Windows heading and select Window List. Then click the Add button and then close. Click and drag the Window List handle to move it closer to the quick-launch icons. Then delete the bottom panel by right-clicking in a blank spot on it, and selecting Delete Panel. Then, to shift the top panel to the bottom of the screen, click and hold in a blank spot and simply drag it to the bottom.

Fine-tune Ubuntu’s font display/rendering
调整字体显示效果

I’m a stickler when it comes font rendering and have to tweak, tweak, tweak until I’m happy. Ubuntu has two possible font-rendering modes: using bytecode hinting, which it refers to as “Native” rendering, and using auto-hinting. In addition, you can turn sub-pixel rendering on and off. I think turning it off makes the fonts look cleaner.
To configure all of this, open a command-prompt and type sudo dpkg-reconfigire fontconfig. Then work through the options. Don’t forget that you’ll need to restart the X server to see the results (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace)

Popularity: 20% [?]

ubuntu 新手技巧

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

原文来自 Ten tips for new Ubuntu users，大致内容如下：

1.媒体播放。默认 ubuntu 不能播放 mp3,DVD等，因为那些是有版权的格式，但你可以自己安装。restricted formats 有详细的解释。

可以参考这几篇日志：

Ubuntu dapper 多媒体设置
ubuntu 一次搞定多媒体回放

2.修改默认关联程序。在 /etc/alternatives 可以看到全部这些 symbolic links。

sudo update-alternatives –config XXX

XXX 为 symbolic link 名称，比如 editor。

3.如何安装软件包？一般使用新立得即可。但如果源里没有的软件，要么添加一些源，要么直接下载 .deb 安装包。在 Nautilus（文件管理器） 中选择 .deb 文件右键即可安装（GDebi）。命令行使用

sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb

4.sudo 与 gksudo(图形界面的sudo)

5.ubuntu 安装后的第一个用户被自动赋予 root 权限。（真正的root密码是随机产生的）要添加 sudo 用户可用 系统 －系统管理 －用户和组。也可以用命令行

sudo usermod -G admin XXX
添加 XXX用户到 admin 组

6.如何添加 KDE（kubuntu）或者 Xfce（xubuntu） 桌面环境。ubuntu 默认是 Gnome。

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install eubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

注意：我个人经验是 xfce 影响不是很大，但KDE会和 gnome 有些冲突。具体情况及解决办法请搜索以前的日志。

7.重新配置 X.org。

8.自动登录。在 系统 － 系统管理 － 登录窗口 － 安全中勾选启用自动登录，如果是你家里的电脑或者笔记本的话。

9.从源代码编译。有时候一个软件源里没有，.deb甚至 rpm都没有，只能自己编译。一般来说，自己编译的功能更符合你的需要，也更加适合你的硬件。原文作者推荐用 checkinstall 取代默认的 make install

./configure;make
checkinstall

10.安装适合自己cpu的内核。386只是为了通用。一般 intel 用 686内核，Amd 用 k7的。（兴平家里是 amd duron 650感觉 k7以后似乎更慢，但不明显）

Popularity: 7% [?]

O’Reilly : Ubuntu Hacks

Posted 9 months, 2 weeks ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

紧跟着Dapper的脚步，O’Reilly及时推出了关于Ubuntu的Hack系列新书：Ubuntu Hacks(下载) 。同时，作者也开通了该书对应的Blog，他表示会在该Blog上更新最新的Ubuntu Tips。

via http://yackol.com/blog/2006/06/oreilly-ubuntu-hacks.html

Popularity: 8% [?]