ubuntu 技巧

Posted 11 months, 1 week ago at 11:30 am. 0 comments

原文来自Prepping Ubuntu for Everyday Use

部分摘翻如下：

Installation won’t work on my computer!
安装有问题？

These tips are useless if you can’t even install Ubuntu. This release of Ubuntu comes with a fancy but brilliant new graphical installer that makes life easier for everyone. This seems to work fine for most people but there are almost certainly going to be incompatibilities for a minority. If you find it just won’t work, switch back to the old text-mode installer. To do this, you’ll have to download a different ISO image and burn it to CD-ROM. Visit http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/ and download the Alternate Install CD. Then boot from it and install.
Dapper LTS是图形化安装界面，如果有问题，你可以下载 Alternate Install 光盘，那个是文字模式。

Setting up multiverse and universe repositories
打开 multiverse 和 universe源

Ubuntu has two fantastic software repositories available to it by default—Main (aka Officially Supported) and Restricted (aka Restricted Copyright). The former contains software that’s licensed under the GPL (or a compatible) license. The latter contains a small selection of software under prohibitive (usually proprietary) licenses that some Ubuntu users need. Examples include some wifi drivers.
There are two more “official” repositories, however—Universe (aka Community Maintained) and Multiverse (aka non-free). The former contains a ton of software from the Debian archives and the latter is yet more software that’s available under licenses not 100% compatible with the GPL (although that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s proprietary).
Universe and Multiverse aren’t setup by default, and it’s a good idea for you to add them because it gives you the broadest choice of software.
Open Synaptic Package Manager (System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager) and then click Settings -> Repositories within Synaptic. Look for the heading that reads Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Binary); it should be the first in the list. Select it and click Edit. Then ensure there’s a check in the Community Maintained and Non-Free boxes. Click OK, then Close, and then click the Reload button the main Synaptic program window. You should now have access to the extra repositories.
可以获得更多非免费或者有专利软件的下载

多媒体回放需要下面几个解码器

w32codecs
mplayer
mozilla-mplayer
libdvdcss2

当然，前提是源里有，要么自己单独下载。

安装Nvidia 显卡驱动

Open Synaptic and search for and install nvidia-glx. When installation has finished, open a shell window and type sudo nvidia-xconfig. Then reboot.
Test your new 3D configuration, after reboot, by selecting one of the OpenGL screensavers (System -> Preferences -> Screensavers). AntSpotlight is pretty cool. If it runs smoothly then everything has worked.

从新立得安装 nvidia-glx，打开一个终端， sudo nvidia-xconfig，配置并重启。用系统-首选项-屏幕保护中的 AntSpotlight(openGL)来测试。如果动画流畅，证明显卡驱动OK。

Setup a Windows partition for permanent access
设置windows分区可访问

My Windows XP partition wasn’t automatically made available under Ubuntu. The solution was the following: type sudo mkdir /windows at the command prompt. Type sudo fdisk -l and look for the line that ends HPFS/NTFS, and then look at the beginning of the line and write down what’s there (ie /dev/hda1). Then load the following file in a text editor using sudo: /etc/fstab. Add a new line at the end of the file that reads:

/dev/hda1 /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

Replace the /dev/hda1 part with what you wrote down earlier. Save the file and then type sudo mount /windows to make your Windows partition available immediately (browse to /windows to see the contents). You’ll find it available all the time, even after you reboot. Remember: the Windows NTFS partition is read only. You can’t write files there.
sudo mkdir /windows
新建一个windows目录

sudo fdisk -l
查找以 HTFS/NTFS 结尾的行，察看前面的 /dev/hdan
a 第几块硬盘
n 第几个分区

sudo gedit /etc/fstab
编辑 fstab 文件，修改为类似下面的形式

/dev/hdan /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

sudo mount /windows
手工挂接

Add Windows fonts
加入Windows字体

My notebook dual-boots between Linux and Windows and I like to add all my Windows fonts to my Ubuntu setup, so that certain web pages look like they should and also so Word docs from colleagues read OK.
To install the fonts, follow the step above to make your Windows partition available if it isn’t already. Type the following at the command prompt to open the Windows font directory in Nautilus: nautilus /windows/WINDOWS/Fonts/ (this assumes that your Windows partition is mounted in /windows, as described in the tip above). Click View -> View As List, and then click the Type heading so that the files are arranged via file extension. Scroll down to the TTF files and select all of them (click the first, hold down Shift and then click the last). Then right-click one of the selected files and click Copy, so that they’re copied ready for pasting somewhere else. Click Go -> Location and, in the box, type fonts://. In the new file listing that appears, right-click a blank spot and select Paste. Your Windows fonts should now be available to all Ubuntu applications, including OpenOffice.org.
嗯！不错！这样也可以….

Use one, rather than two, desktop panels
使用一个而不是两个（上下）面板（我一直就是这么做地…）

For some reason Ubuntu likes you to have two screen-hogging panels—one at the top of the screen, and one at the bottom. Some people like this, some hate it.
To quickly combine them into one panel at the bottom (that’s “quickly” as in “quick and dirty”), right-click a blank spot on the top panel and select Add To Panel. In the dialog box that appears, look under the Desktop & Windows heading and select Window List. Then click the Add button and then close. Click and drag the Window List handle to move it closer to the quick-launch icons. Then delete the bottom panel by right-clicking in a blank spot on it, and selecting Delete Panel. Then, to shift the top panel to the bottom of the screen, click and hold in a blank spot and simply drag it to the bottom.

Fine-tune Ubuntu’s font display/rendering
调整字体显示效果

I’m a stickler when it comes font rendering and have to tweak, tweak, tweak until I’m happy. Ubuntu has two possible font-rendering modes: using bytecode hinting, which it refers to as “Native” rendering, and using auto-hinting. In addition, you can turn sub-pixel rendering on and off. I think turning it off makes the fonts look cleaner.
To configure all of this, open a command-prompt and type sudo dpkg-reconfigire fontconfig. Then work through the options. Don’t forget that you’ll need to restart the X server to see the results (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace)

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